Commonly known as PMS , premenstrual syndrome refers to a set of biological and psychological changes that occur during the second half of the menstrual cycle.

It affects approximately 80% of women of childbearing age; approximately 3-10% have a severe form of PMS called premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

The underlying mechanism is not yet well known, but the causes can be attributed to hormonal alterations and ovulation, but also to multiple elements of endocrine origin, a genetic predisposition, serotonin deficiency, possible Mg and Ca deficiencies, possible thyroid dysfunction.

Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by symptoms that occur during the 7-10 days before menstruation and usually end a few hours after the onset of menstruation.

Symptoms can be physical (mastalgia, headaches and neuromuscular pain) and psychological (depression, insomnia, anxiety and irritability, cravings for sweets, sudden mood swings).

The type and intensity of symptoms may vary from woman to woman. In perimenopausal women, symptoms may persist until the end of menstruation.

Treatment of PMS is symptomatic, starting with adequate rest and sleep, regular physical activity, and relaxing activities. Changing eating habits can help. Dietary supplements can be effective in reducing symptoms.